Railway ballast material selection and evaluation: A review
2022.8.15 1. Introduction The terminology ‘ballast’ was originally derived from the ballast used on ships. It was the crushed stone and gravel used for counterweighting
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On the Statistical Prediction of KIc and GIc for Railway
2023.4.13 The findings of this research can provide more clear insight for the railway maintenance engineers in understanding the cracking and crushing behavior of ballast
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Simulation of railway ballast using crushable polyhedral particles ...
2014.9.1 The ballast material used is granite, commonly used in China, and the ballast particle gradation is the first-grade ballast commonly used in China's mainline
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Development of inter-particle friction in a railway ballast
2020.12.22 largersize and irregular morphologycreated bythe crushing process. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the factors affecting μ for a granite ballast. Due
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Evaluation of Indirect Tensile Strength of Track Ballast Using
2012.6.7 Two types of railway ballast materials from (Najaf-sea and Al-Qaim) quarries are commonly used in the construction of railway in Iraq. The single particle-crushing test
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Laboratory investigation of the cyclic behavior of rock ballast
2023.2.15 The results showed that steel slag could be used as ballast in railway tracks. In another research by B.G. Delgado et al. [16]. The geomechanical behavior of
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(PDF) Ballast material selection and evaluation means: A review
2022.2.15 This paper can contribute to progress in (1) improving ballast specifications in China, (2) developing new ballast materials, (3) saving resources and costs by
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Strain rate effect of frozen ballast aggregates under
2022.11.1 According to the TB/T 2140–2008 standards issued by the Ministry of Railways of China [41], railway ballast is typically constructed using broken granite or
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Numerical investigation of the behavior of stone ballast
2020.11.1 Railway ballast, for which natural crushed stone aggregates have been generally used, is an essential track component for the distribution of train loads along
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Evaluation of Indirect Tensile Strength of Track Ballast Using
2012.6.7 Two types of railway ballast materials from (Najaf-sea and Al-Qaim) quarries are commonly used in the construction of railway in Iraq. The single particle-crushing test was performed for various ballast sizes, and the obtained data were analyzed using Weibull analysis. Najaf-sea crushed stones indicate higher tensile strength for all particle ...
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Discrete element modelling of railway ballast - Springer
2017.8.23 Keywords Discrete element modellingGrain crushing Railway ballastStatistics 1 Introduction Since railway ballast in the track generally comprises large particles of typical size approximately 40mm, it is difficult to treat such a material as a continuum, and the discrete ele-ment method [1] offers a means of obtaining micro mechan-
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Geomechanical Modelling of Railroad Ballast: A
2019.12.16 Traditional ballasted tracks have been used intensively around the world with ballast as the main material for tracks. Ballast has a significant contribution to the track alignment, stability and sustainability.
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On the Statistical Prediction of KIc and GIc for Railway
2023.4.13 Understanding the cracking resistance of ballast rock materials is key parameter for designing the ballast rock crushing machines or estimating the onset of fracture in the ballast rocks of railway tracks. In this research, mode I fracture toughness (KIc) and mode I fracture energy (GIc) values were determined experimentally for the red
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Numerical investigation of the behavior of stone ballast
2020.11.1 The elastic modulus, crushing strength, and stiffness of slag were higher than granite, and in the slag model, the elastic rail displacement and the stress reached the subgrade were lower.
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Railway ballast characteristics, selection criteria and performance
2017.12.30 In order to study the possibility of using recycled ballast grains in ballast layer, it is necessary to carry out laboratory triaxial tests of ballast crushed stone with size of the particles 25 ...
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crusher/sbm crushing for railway.md at main yunan88/crusher
Contribute to yunan88/crusher development by creating an account on GitHub.
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Geomechanical assessment of an inert steel slag aggregate
2021.4.12 However, for both the 32.5 t/axle and the 40 t/axle load scenarios, the ISAC ballasted rail track presented slightly less displacements than the rail track with the granite aggregate ballast. This seems to be a consequence of the higher resilient modulus of the ISAC, when compared with the granite.
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2021.6.21 Furnace slag used in this research is shown in Fig. 1 (a), its density is 2250 kg/m 3.With the function of filter, the particle size of sub-ballast needs to stay in a range of Particle Size Distribution (PSD), which is shown in Fig. 2.So, the slag was sieved and remixed, and the PSD curve is also shown in Fig. 2.In comparison, the traditional
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Use of steel slag as railway ballast: A review - ScienceDirect
2022.7.1 Crushed stone from natural sources is commonly used as ballast in railways. The material is a good ballast, but its extraction is destructive. Therefore, this study characterizes basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as an alternative material for railway ballast in Kazakhstan with respect to physical, mechanical, chemical and environmental properties.
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fr/ballast stones railroad.md at main liyingliang2022/fr
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Particle morphology’s influence on the rail ballast behaviour
Recent laboratory studies have shown that under axle loads of 40 tonnes, the ISAC ballast presented superior performance compared to traditional granite aggregate ballast with regard to long-term ...
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Development of inter-particle friction in a railway ballast
2020.12.22 largersize and irregular morphologycreated bythe crushing process. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the factors affecting μ for a granite ballast. Due to the relatively low numberof particles, DEM analyses of railway ballast or rock fill are closer to achieving an accurate 1:1 modelling
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(PDF) Ballast Railroad Design: SMART-UOW Approach
2018.6.28 granite vs. limestone. Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Proceedings of the 8th ... Hardin, B.O. (1985) Crushing of soil particles. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE 111 ...
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Appraisal of Railway Ballast Degradation Through Los
2021.7.14 Ballast degradation through attrition and breakage during operations affects the structural performance of the railway track system. Conventionally, the ballast is designed to; “provide a solid bed for the sleepers, distribute stresses from the sleeper bearing area to a bearable limit at the surface of the subgrade soil, facilitate maintenance
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Laboratory investigation of the cyclic behavior of rock ballast
2023.2.15 The geomechanical behavior of EAF slag and granite ballast was compared using a triaxial cyclic test, single-particle crushing strength, as well as a numerical simulation. The elastic modulus, crushing strength, and stiffness of slag were higher than granite, and in the slag model, the elastic rail displacement and the stress reached the ...
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How to make railway ballast stones? - LinkedIn
2023.2.28 Overall, making railway ballast stones involves a combination of mining, crushing, screening, sorting, washing, and transporting operations to produce high-quality stones that can withstand the ...
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(PDF) Strength properties of ballast layer, created from new
2021.11.1 The objective of the research is a railway ballast layer created from new and recycled ballast particles in different ratio. In order to study the possibility of using recycled ballast grains in ...
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Large-scale triaxial and box testing on railroad ballast: a review
2019.11.11 The use of railway transportation systems has been increased throughout the years. The conventional ballasted tracks have been used widely in many countries around the world. Ballast material is the basic element of ballasted tracks. Ballast degrades and deforms after service. Therefore, periodical ballast maintenance is needed which is a
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